Construct Validity:
- Psychological theory and research
connect music with elicitation, portrayal, and expression of emotions. Compositions are
grouped in accord with factor structures that arise from spontaneous use of
affective language in response to compositions (MAT Supplement,
Chapters 3 & 4).
- Blind rating of
compositions to emotions match 10 out of 12 compositions with a first or
second place score (MAT Supplement, Chapter 4).
Criterion-based Discriminate Validity:
- The MAT method
clearly distinguishes schizophrenic and normal matched controls for response
latency (p = .001), fluency measures (p = .001), content (p = .01), and
narrative style (p = .01) (MAT Supplement, Chapter 2).
- Measures of
dispositional mood derived from the Dictionary of Affect in
Language reveal significant correlations across compositions for activity
and pleasantness of word usage (p = .001). Factor analyses of activity and
pleasantness yield of a major factor that reflects individual differences. (MAT
Supplement, Chapter 7). In other words, the test clearly elicits
distinctive personal styles of response.
Concurrent
and Convergent Validity:
- Response Latency
significantly inversely correlates with the Matching Familiar Figures Test,
which is an independent measure of impulsivity (MAT Supplement, Chapter 6).
- Affective
Appropriateness of responses significantly correlates with the cross-cultural
test of visual emotion recognition (MAT Supplement, Chapter 7).
- Complexity of
response correlates with developmental maturity (Quinn, 1999)
- Fluency correlates
with verbal intelligence.
Clinical Case Studies and Observations:
- Response to stress on
the MAT is an analog to responses to stress in the real world. The same or
highly analogous defenses are employed, i.e. withdrawal, disavowal,
self-deprecation, humor, etc.
- Themes and
symbolizations mirror themes and symbolizations in therapy (MAT Supplement,
Chapter 1).
- In a study described in the
MAT Supplement, the cognitive maturity of dreams and stories told to music was found to be similar and to vary with maturity of executive judgment. Stories told to music and dreams share common processes.
MAT
Validity and Reliability
- Split-half
reliabilities for response latency and fluency exceed .90 (MAT Manual,
Chapter 7).
- Test-retest
reliabilities for response latency and fluency are .90.
References:
Quinn, K. (1999). Developmental responses to the Music
Projective Test. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, California School of
Professional Psychology, San Diego, California.
van den Daele, L. (2007). Music Apperception Test
Manual. Las Vegas, Nevada: Psychodiagnostics, Inc.
van den Daele, L (2007). Music Apperception Test
Supplement: Background, Theory, and Interpretation. Las Vegas, Nevada:
Psychodiagnostics, Inc.
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